Notes from the meeting with Etienne Turpin

Gary Hall, 2014, Open Education: A Study in Disruption

Heather Davis, Community practice

Book as exhibition series (interpolations - points that carry the plot from one point to another).

Land&Animal&Non-animal

McKenzie Wark, Anthoropocene Denial

Tomas Saraceno, Working with Spiders (also: the spiders of Amazon that fly great distances together on their nets)

Hybrid semi-social solitary musical instrument Arp87: built by a couple of Cyrtophora citricola - one month - one Agelena labirintica - two months - one Cyrtophora moluccensis - two weeks - and one Tegenria domestica - 4 months- (turned 4 times 180 degrees on Z axis), 2015

Shiv Visvanathan, “Between Cosmology and System: The Heuristics of Dissenting Imagination,” in Another Knowledge is Possible: Beyond Northern Epistemologies, ed. Boaventura de Sousa Santos (London and New York: Verso, 2008).

Numeracy is putting numbers in series (Logic of series).

A Vast Machine (climate study).

There's no infrastructure of emancipation which is not an infrastructure of colonisation.

Michel Serres, The National Contract

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Alfred Wallace's Interrogation of Nature (his collecting of species in Indonesia) which comes as a basis for his and Darwin's theory of evolution. Tries to find out: can you still find evolution in nature?

wallacefund.info

Hallucination in reverse (colonial notion of not seeing what's in front of you. There is a difference between letters scientists wrote back home to their wives and mistresses and papers being published). Wallace's description of bird of paradise. Science is full of doubt and ambiguity.

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Desire is the machine. Professionalism and machining desire keep us on hallucinating in reverse.

Ignorance is colonisation, solidarity is knowledge.

What is the mode of thought in colonisation? Possible action: you cannot confront the consequences if your thought is colonized.

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Multistable image (democracy needs parameters in order to function). Data polity (?) How does life get parameterized? Who sets those parameters?

John Pretevi(?), deleuzian thoerist. Bestiary - Theater - Guillotine.
Clifford Geertz, Notes on the Balinese Cockfight;

Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection

Notes: Giorgio Agamben, The Open: Man and Animal

Theriomorphous - Thought of as having the form of a beast. Used of a deity.

p3 - …on the last day, the relations between animals and men will take on a new form, and that man himself will be reconciled with his animal nature.

Alexandre Kojève -> <- Georges Bataille (student)

p.4 - In Gnostic mythology, the archons are the demonic entities who create and govern the material world, in which the bright and spiritual elements are
found mixed and imprisoned in those dark and bodily.

p.6 - Kojève : The disappearance of Man at the end of History is not a cosmic catastrophe: the natural World remains what it has been from all
eternity.

Hegel: action=negativity -> “nothing more to do” = “negativity with no use”

p.8 No animal can be a snob. (Kojève)

p.10 After the battle of Jena, the
vanguard of humanity virtually reached the end of man’s historical
evolution. Everything that followed—including two world
wars, Nazism, and the sovietization of Russia—represented nothing
but a process of accelerated alignment of the rest of the world
with the position of the most advanced European countries.

p.10 - the US reached the final stage of Marxist communism
Japan - post-history, snobbery, totally formalised value. Every japanese is ready to commit suicide. Japanisation of the westerners, incl. Russians.

p.12 - Soloviev
in Kojève’s reading of Hegel, man is not a biologically defined species, nor is he a substance given once and for all; he is, rather, a field of dialectical tensions always already cut by internal caesurae that every time separate— at least virtually—“anthropophorous” animality and the humanity which takes bodily form in it.

p.12 - Man is the fatal disease of the animal. Foucault - biopower.

N4 Mysterium disiunctionis
Life cannot be defined.

Plants. Nutritive power. Aristotle - nutrition, sensation, thought.

The isolation of nutritive life (which the ancient commentators will already call vegetative) constitutes in every sense a fundamental event for Western science.

Bichat: animal life -> <- external world; man = two animals internal+external

Vegetal vs. relational life - > what is human?

Man - divine element; we should replace that notion with:
man - as what results from the incongruity of these two elements, and investigate not the metaphysical mystery of conjunction, but rather the practical and political mystery of separation.

It is more urgent to ask where - in man - man and non-man is separated, animal from human, rather than take positions on great issues like human rights or values, etc.

N5 Physiology of the Blessed

p. 17 medieval treatises on the integrity and quality of the body of the
resurrected.

What about secretions after resurrection?

Augustine: Adam’s sexuality before the Fall did not resemble ours, since his sexual parts could be moved voluntarily just like hands or feet, so that sexual union could occur without the need of any concupiscent stimulus.

p. 18 - The two principal functions of animal life—nutrition and generation—are directed to the preservation of the individual and of the species. Useless in the immortal life. Defecation!

Sex and food.

p. 19 - The resurrection, he teaches, is directed not to the perfection of man’s natural life, but only to that final perfection which is contemplative life.

Blessed life is not animal/plant life.

N6 Cognitio experimentalis

Determining the border between human and animal.

p.21 If animal life and human life could be superimposed perfectly, then neither man nor animal—and, perhaps, not even the divine—would any longer be thinkable.
Paradise calls Eden back into question.

p.22 - In the state of innocence [he writes] men did not have any bodily need of animals. Neither for clothing, since they were naked and not ashamed, there being no motions of inordinate concupiscence; nor for food, since they fed on the trees of Paradise; nor for means of transport, their bodies being strong enough for that purpose.

they needed them for cognitive experiment - de homnis nature.
Concentration and extermination camps.

N7 Taxonomies.

P.23 - Surely Descartes never saw an ape. - Linnaeus (Sweden - Amsterdam)
Linnaeus, the founder of modern scientific taxonomy, had a weakness for apes.

He explains how difficult it is to identify the specific difference between the anthropoid apes and man from the point of view of natural science.

Systema Naturae.

P.24 - The peremptory gesture with which, in the Systema naturae, he assigns Homo to the order of the Anthropomorpha (which, from the tenth edition of 1758, will be called Primates ) alongside Simia, Lemur, and Vespertilio (the bat) cannot, therefore, be a surprise.

Language would become man’s identifying characteristic par excellence.

p.25 - Edward Tyson’s treatise Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie.

Ape - man - angel.

Essay title: Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man. To which is added, a Philological Essay Concerning the Pygmies, the Cynocephali, the Satyrs, and Sphinges of the Ancients. Wherein it Will Appear that They are all Either Apes or Monkeys, and not Men, as Formerly Pretended.

p.26 - Linnaeus attributed to his maxim: man has no specific identity other than the ability to recognize himself.

We are born nudus in nuda terra.

Johann Georg Gmelin. Theodor Klein.

Homo sapiens, then, is neither a clearly defined species nor a substance; it is, rather, a machine or device for producing the recognition of the human.

Furio Jesi.

P.27 - Homo is a constitutively “anthropomorphous” animal (that is, “resembling man,” according to the term that Linnaeus constantly uses until the tenth edition of the Systema), who must recognize himself in a non-man in order to be human.

Pascal: “he who acts the man, acts the ape”.

N8. Without Rank

Celestial <- human -> terrestrial

Dignitas = rank.

P. 29 As the free and extraordinary maker and molder of yourself, you may shape yourself into whatever form you prefer. You can degenerate into the lower things, which are brutes; you can regenerate, in accordance with your soul’s decision, into the higher things, which are divine.

P.30 Linnaeus to classify man among the Anthropomorpha, the “manlike” animals.

Homo ferus, a variant that seems to belie the characteristics of the most noble of the primates point for point: it is tetrapus (walks on all fours), mutus (without language), and hirsutus (covered with hair).

Lord Monboddo, Histoire d’une jeune fille sauvage, trouvée dans les bois à l’âge de dix ans.

N9 Anthropological Machine

Ernst Haeckel, 1899. -  gospel of scientific progressivism.
Application of darwinian evolution.

Anthropological machine.

P. 34 - his specific contribution— of which he was rightly proud—is to have hypothesized
as a form of passage from the anthropoid apes (or man-apes) to man a peculiar being that he called “ape-man” (Affenmensch) or, since it was without language, Pithecanthropus alalus.

Eugen Dubois, discovered on the island of Java a piece of skull and a femur similar to those of present-day man.

Language: In identifying himself with language, the speaking man places his
own muteness outside of himself, as already and not yet human.

linguist, Heymann Steinthal:

“We have thereby been able to show why language originated from the human
soul and its perceptions, and not from that of the animal…. language is so necessary and natural for the human being, that without it man can neither truly exist nor be thought of as existing. Either man has language, or he simply is not.”

p. 36 - If this element [language] is taken away, the difference between man and animal vanishes…

Contradiction: “I contradicted my presupposition: that is, that the origin of language and the origin of man were one and the same; I set man up first and then had him produce language.”

P. 37
… precisely because the human is already presupposed every time, the machine actually produces a kind of state of exception, a zone of indeterminacy in which the outside is nothing but the exclusion of an inside and the inside is in turn only the inclusion of an outside.

The machine of earlier times works in an exactly symmetrical way. If, in the machine of the moderns, the outside is produced through the exclusion of an inside and the inhuman produced by animalizing the human, here the inside is obtained through the inclusion of an outside, and the non-man is produced by the humanization of an animal.

N10 Umwelt

No animal can enter into relation with an object as such.  —Jakob von Uexküll

Heidelberg, Naples.
UEXKull - > Heidegger, Deleuze

P. 40 - Uexküll instead supposes an infinite variety of perceptual worlds that, though they are uncommunicating and reciprocally exclusive, are all equally perfect and linked together as if in a gigantic musical score.

Unitary world does not exist - many different worlds. Umgebung - objective space. “carriers of significance” (Bedeutungsträger) or of “marks” (Merkmalträger), which are the only things that interest the animal.

Every environment is a closed unity in itself, which results from the selective sampling of a series of elements or “marks” in the Umgebung. Worlds of the spider and the fly.

P.42 - Paul Vidal. Ratzel’s theses: Ratzel’s theses, according to which all peoples are
intimately linked to their vital space as their essential dimension, had a notable influence on Nazi geopolitics.

N11 Tick

The animal has memory, but no memories. —Heymann Steinthal

Tick doesn’t lie the taste of blood; perceives no environment. it looks for
 1) door of mammals;
2) the temperature of 37 degrees;
3) typology of skin characteristic of mammals

P.47 without a living subject, time cannot exist.

N12 Poverty in World

The behavior of the animal is never an apprehending of something as something. —Martin Heidegger. Course title 1929-30: The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude.

P.50 - Life is a particular kind of being; but essentially it is accessible only in
Dasein (existence). Life is not a mere being-present-at-hand, nor is it Dasein. In turn, Dasein is never to be defined ontologically by regarding it as (ontologically indefinite) life plus something else.

p. 51 - humanitas also appears as something ungraspable and absent, suspended as it is between
a “not-being-able-to-remain” and a “not-being-able-to-leave-itsplace.”

Uexküll’s studies explicitly described as “the most fruitful thing that philosophy can adopt from the biology dominant today,”

Wirkorgan.

P.52 - The animal can only behave insofar as it is captivated in its essence. . . . Captivation is the
condition of possibility for the fact that, in accordance with its essence, the animal behaves within an environment but never within a world (a bee sucking on the honey even though the belly is removed).

P.53 - What does the animal meet when it enters into relation with its disinhibitor?

Heidegger: we do not have an apprehending (vernehmen), but only an instinctive behaving (benehmen), insofar as the “very possibility of apprehending something as something is withheld [genommen] from the animal, and it is withheld from it not merely here and now, but withheld in the sense that it is ‘not given at all.’”6 If the animal is captivated, it is because this possibility has been radically taken away from it.

P.54 - Beings are not revealed [offenbar] to the behavior of the animal in its captivation, they are not disclosed and for that very reason are not closed off from it either. Captivation stands outside this possibility.

“the animal fundamentally lacks the possibility of entering into relation either with the being that it itself is or with beings other than itself. Because of this being ceaselessly driven the animal finds itself suspended, as it were, between itself and its environment, even though neither the one nor the other is experienced as a being.”

p.55 - If behavior is not a relation to beings, does this mean that it is a relation to the nothing? No!

The ontological status of the animal environment: it is offen (open) but not offenbar (disconcealed;
lit., openable).

distinction between animal and stone: being open - having-to-do-with. Being open in captivation is an essential possession of the animal. On the basis of this possession it can do without [entbehren], be poor, be determined in its being by poverty.

N13. The Open

p.57 - “the open, in which every being is freed . . . is being itself’

Reversal of the hierarchical relationship between man and animal questioned by Heidegger: While man always has the world before him—always only stands “facing opposite” (gegenüber) and never enters the “pure space” of the outside—the animal instead moves in the open, in a “nowhere without the no.”

ale¯theia (unconcealedness-concealedness of being) = open?

p 58 - “”For the animal is in relation to his circle of food, prey, and other animals of its own kind, and it is so in a way essentially different from the way the stone is related to the earth upon which it lies.”

p. 59 - The animal is at once open and not open—or, better, it is neither one nor the other: it is open in a nondisconcealment that, on the one hand, captivates and dislocates it in its disinhibitor with unmatched vehemence, and, on the other, does not in any way disconceal as a being that thing that holds it so taken and absorbed.

Captivation: 1) spellbinding and intense openness; 2) closed in a total opacity, not capable of disconcealing its own disinhibitor.

P.60 - The animal cannot comport itself toward the not open; it remains excluded precisely from the essential domain of the conflict between disconcealment and concealment.

“the essence of life is accessible only through a destructive observation…life is a domain which
possesses a wealth of being-open, of which the human world may know nothing at all”

p.61 - “profound boredom” + animal captivation = enchantment-enchainment

P. 62 - Perhaps it is not the case that being and the human world have been presupposed in order then to reach the animal by means of subtraction—that is, by a “destructive observation”; perhaps the contrary is also, and even more, true, that is, that the openness of the human world (insofar as it is also and primarily an openness to the essential conflict between disconcealment and concealment) can be achieved only by means of an operation enacted upon the not-open of the animal world.

N14 Profound Boredom

Boredom is the desire for happiness left in its pure state. —Giacomo Leopardi

Attunement— that is, the fundamental manner in which Dasein is always already predisposed.

3 types of boredom:
1) being left-empty;
2) being-held-in-suspense, abandoned in emptiness - when we’re bound to something boring; beings in their totality are indifferent;
3) Profound boredom

Boredom = close proximity to animal captivation.

P.66 - brachliegen - “to lie inactive”, the field that is left unworked in order to be planted the following year

p. 67 - potentiality, possibilities and Dasein.

p.68 - In captivation the animal was in an immediate relation with its disinhibitor, exposed to and stunned by it, yet in such a way that the disinhibitor could never be revealed as such. What the animal is precisely unable to do is suspend and deactivate its relationship with the ring of its specific disinhibitors.

the Lichtung (clearing, animal captivation) truly is a lucus a non lucendo: the openness at stake in it is essentially the openness to a closedness, and whoever looks in the open sees only a closing,
only a not-seeing.

P. 69 - Concealedness: who does the concealing and how it takes place, when and where and for whom concealment exists, all that remains undetermined.

undisconcealedness = the not-open of the animal.

unconcealedness / concealedness, disconcealment / concealment

P. 70 - From the beginning, being is traversed by the nothing; the Lichtung is also originarily Nichtung, because the world has become open for man only through the interruption and nihilation
of the living being’s relationship with its disinhibitor.

Dasein is simply an animal that has learned to become bored; it has awakened from its own captivation to its own captivation. This awakening of the living being to its own being-captivated, this anxious and resolute opening to a notopen, is the human.

Under particular circumstances, like those which man creates in laboratories, the animal can effectively suspend its immediate relationship with its environment, without, however, either ceasing to be an animal or becoming human. Perhaps the tick in the Rostock laboratory guards a mystery of the “simply living being,” which neither Uexküll nor Heidegger was prepared to confront.

N15 World and Earth.

The relation between man and animal, between world and environment - issue of the work of art (Heidegger). Dialectic between openness and closeness.

The stone is wordless.

P. 72 - The reciprocal opposition of world and earth is strife.
Strife - the opponents raise each other into the self-assertion [Selbstbehauptung] of their essence. The self-assertion of essence, however, is never a rigid insistence upon some contingent state, but surrender to the concealed originality of the provenance of one’s own being.

For Heidegger a political paradigm (indeed the political paradigm par excellence) is at stake in the
dialectic between concealedness and unconcealedness.

P. 73 - The ontological paradigm of truth as the conflict between concealedness and unconcealedness is, in Heidegger, immediately and originarily a political paradigm.

Heidegger’s reproach of metaphysics.

If humanity has been obtained only through a suspension of animality, and must thus keep itself open to the closedness of animality, in what sense does Heidegger’s attempt to grasp the “existing
essence of man” escape the metaphysical primacy of animalitas?

N16 Animalization

Men are animals, some of whom raise their own kind. —Peter Sloterdijk

Heidegger was the last to believe that the anthropological machine could still produce history and destiny for a people (it was his error).

Now it’s evident there are no historical tasks in men.

P. 76 - Hegelo-Kojevian idea of the end of history: man has now reached his historical telos and, for a humanity that has become animal again, there is nothing left but the depoliticization of human societies by means of the unconditioned unfolding of the oikonomia, or the taking on of biological life itself as the supreme political (or rather impolitical) task.

Natural life and well-being as task.

P. 77 - The only task that still seems to retain some seriousness is the assumption of the burden—and the “total management”— of biological life, that is, of the very animality of man.

Are we still human?

The total humanization of the animal coincides with a total animalization of man.

N17 Anthropogenesis
———————————————————————————————————————————
Provisional results:
1. Anthropogenesis is what results from the caesura and articulation between human and animal.
2. Ontology (first philosophy) - the fundamental operation in which anthropogenesis, the becoming human of the living being, is realized.
3. Being, world, and the open: interruption and capture of the living being’s relationship with its disinhibitor. The open is nothing but a grasping of the animal not-open. Man suspends his animality, creates a free zone where life is captured.
4. Being is always already traversed by the nothing.
5. Decisive political conflict is between the animality and the humanity of man. That is to say, in its origin Western politics is also biopolitics.
6. Today the machine is idling (end of philosophy, the completion of the epochal destinations of being).

———————————————————————————————————————————

Two scenarios based on Heidegger’s perspective:
(a) posthistorical man no longer preserves his own animality as undisclosable, but rather seeks to take it on and govern it by means of technology;
(b) man, the shepherd of being, appropriates his own concealedness, his own animality, which neither remains hidden nor is made an object of mastery, but is thought as such, as pure abandonment.

———————————————————————————————————————————

N18 Between
All the enigmas of the world seem slight to us compared to the tiny secret of sex. —Michel Foucault

W.Benjamin - man, nature and history. The “saved night”.

P. 81 - The separation between nature and redemption is an ancient Gnostic motif.

P. 82 - Imperialists: the mastery of nature is the sense of all technology.
Technology is rather the mastery not of nature but mastery of the relation between nature and humanity. It is true that men as a species completed their evolution thousands of years ago; but humanity as a species is just beginning its.

What does “mastery of the relation between nature and humanity” mean?
Benjamin: “dialectic at a standstill”, the machine stopped.

Sexual fulfillment delivers the man from his mystery - the man is free to die because
his life has lost its mystery. He is reborn, the woman frees him from the ties to Mother Earth.

N19 Desoeuvrement

P. 87 - in this mutual disenchantment from their secret, they enter, just as in Benjamin’s aphorism, a new and more blessed life, one that is neither animal nor human.

Titian has created “a realm in which to reflect on the relationship between body and spirit” (Dundas)

N20 Outside of Being

Esotericism means: the articulation of modalities of non-knowledge. —Furio Jesi

2 century AD: Gnostic Basilides, exegesis of the Gospels.
God will bring on the whole world the great ignorance, so that every creature may remain in its natural condition [kata physin] and none desire anything contrary to its nature.

P.90 - darkness and light, matter and spirit, animal life and logos (the articulation of which in the anthropological machine produced the human) are separated forever. But not in order to close themselves in a more impenetrable mystery; rather, to liberate their own truer nature.

It surely “does not see the open,” in the sense that it does not appropriate it as an instrument of mastery and knowledge; but neither does it remain simply closed in its own captivation.

in-gnosco = “to forgive”

P.91 - Heidegger’s ontology: letting be. In what way can man let the animal, upon whose suspension the world is held open, be? - To let the animal be would mean: to let it be outside of being.

P. 92 - Once again, the solution of the mysterium coniunctionis by which the human has been produced passes through an unprecedented inquiry into the practico-political mystery of separation.

Notes: Davis & Turpin, Art in the Anthropocene - Art & Death

p.3 - address the geological reformation of the human species

What does it mean for art to encounter the Anthropocene?
If art is now a practice condemned to a homolithic earth—that is, to a world “going to pieces” as the literal sediment of human activity—how can aesthetic practices address the social and political spheres that are being set in stone?

Addressing the geological reformation of the human species.

It is not from some desire to add another conjunctive term to the growing literature on the Anthropocene that we turn to art; rather, art, as the vehicle of aesthesis, is central to thinking with and feeling through the Anthropocene. Inherent relation between the two.

Anthropocene:

1) Anthropocene is primarily a sensorial phenomenon: the experience of living in an increasingly diminished and toxic world;

2) Anthropocene has frequently been framed through modes of the visual;

3) Art provides a polyarchic site of experimentation for “living in a damaged world”.

Anna Tsing: non-moral form of address that offers a range of discursive, visual, and sensual strategies that are not confined by the regimes of scientific objectivity, political moralism, or psychological depression.

2002 - term of anthropocene coined by Paul J. Crutzen.
2007 - Jan Zalasiewicz proposes a review of the term.

Effects:

1) the rise of agriculture and attendant deforestation;
2) the extraction of coal, oil, and gas, and their atmospheric consequences;
3) the combustion of carbon-based fuels and emissions;
4) coral reef loss; ocean acidification;
5) soil degradation;
6) a rate of life-form extinction occurring at thousands of times higher than throughout most of the last half-billion years;
7) a rate of human propagation

p.4 From geologist point of view, Anthropocene is still in the making.

p.5 :
Three dominant positions now shape the geological debate:
1) William Ruddiman: since the most recent ice age
2) Crutzen: 1789, steam engine, Kant’s “Copernican Revolution”
3) 1945, atomic bombing of Japan (“Great Acceleration”)

Catastrophy = general equivalents of exchange.

Considerations of arrival and departure.

p. 6- Four especially intense trajectories of the Anthropocene:
1) “Extrapolations Beyond Geology” (concerns other intellectual orbits well beyond stratigraphy and geology)
2) “Spatial Politics to Contested Territories” (narrate some of the critical transformations within the field of aesthetics)
3) “Numeracy and the Survival of Worlds”
4) what imaginaries might be possible under the sign of the Anthropocene? -> propositional itinerary, accompanied by some preliminary heuristics, for encountering art in the Anthropocene.

———————————————————————

1) “Extrapolations Beyond Geology”

Anthropocene : a call to re-imagine the human through biology and geology.
A. beckons environmental justice thinking.
A need to think through the interconnections and interactions of [climate change and the so-called Sixth Extinction] in conjunction with political economic logics and their attendant debts to the future.

p.7 These effects derive from a particular nexus of epistemic, technological, social, and political economic coalescences figured in the contemporary reality of petrocapitalism.
Capitalocene - (Donna Haraway) voracious political economic system that knows no bounds, one where human lives, the lives of other creatures, and the beauty and wealth of the earth itself are figured as mere resources and externalities. “Profit above all else” - the most destructive force the world has ever seen.

The asymmetrical power relations have resulted in the massive transformation of the Earth through industrialized agriculture, resource extraction, energy production, and petrochemicals.

P. 8 - “Technosphere” (Jean-Luc Nancy and Peter Sloterdijk). “Eurocene.” (colonial implications - Plantationocene).

1610 (the “Orbis Spike”) - Columbus discovery of America, largest population replacement.
The Anthropocene, by this dating, is thus the era of colonial genocide.

Sara Ahmed : “white men as buildings”.

Argument: Anthropocene - teleological fact implicating all humans as equally culpable for the current socio-economic, ecological, and political state of the world VS“ecological imagination”.

P.9 - Chthulucene (Haraway).
Anthropocene is not merely descriptive; it is a social imaginary that has exceeded its intended categorization and whose parameters delimit ways of thinking about the world well beyond the confines of geo-scientific debate.

Bruno Latour: “Let’s limit the numbers of things that you can attribute to capitalism and let’s distribute them and see what’s actually happening”.

Environmental crisis: Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

The “environment” can never be assumed as a universal sign: multitude of agendas of petrocapitalism.

Amy Balkin: aesthetic of smog    
Pinar Yoldas: bio-futures

P.10 - “Earth System governance”
Maurizio Lazzarato: “The state is no longer able to represent the general interest; on the contrary, it is radically subordinated to financial logic, functioning as a component part of its mechanisms.”

Coordinated extermination of difference in the name of the “general equivalence” of profit that retains the name “civilization”.

Baudrillard: human species are capable of enduring the aggregated outcomes of human activity.

“Homolith”.

P.11 - The Anthropocene can be framed as the global condition of being born into a world that no longer exists - We are all “being overtaken by processes that are unmaking the world that any of us ever knew”.

Edward Burtynksy and Vincent Laforet: industrial photographs.

The Anthropocene is so built in to our senses that it determines our perceptions, hence it is aesthetic.
Susan Sontag presciently warned: “Shock can become familiar. Shock can wear off.”

P. 12 -
The Anthropocene has altered the terms and parameters of perception itself.

It is not just the number of species that are being reduced, but entire ways of feeling, thinking, acting, and being.

Ursula Biemann examines the “specific material-mental configuration” of metachemistry along the Nile that opens up new connections, times, and perceptions within the mediatized spaces of the Anthropocene.

Time is central to the conceptualization of the Anthropocene, for it forces evolutionary and geological considerations into Western thought.

Smailbegović: “many of the temporalities that are relevant for developing a politics of time in the Anthropocene may not be directly available to the human sensorium”.

Time is written into our bodies, composing the relations we have to all the other things around us.

Umwelt, a concept proposed by Jakob von Uexküll, affords us the possibility of opening up and onto the life worlds of other species. Meta-species thinking—exposing the interconnections, while allowing other animals to come to the fore.

Umwelt ("self-centered world”) - biological foundations that lie at the very epicenter of the study of both communication and signification in the human [and non-human] animal. Uexküll theorised that organisms can have different umwelten, even though they share the same environment.

Terike Haapoja and Laura Gustafsson’s “A History According to Cattle” and Ho Tzu Nyen’s “We’re Tigers”.

From Spatial Politics to Contested Territories

p.13 - Gallery -> everyday life
Rosalyn Deutsche: Urban space is the product of conflict.
Lucy Lippard: 60-70’s “number shows” - interactivity between human settlements, resource areas, conceptual frames, and feminist practices.

Center for Land Use Interpretation,

Mary Mattingly: studio -> landfill

Vincent Normand’s essay “In the Planetarium”: the museum as “an imminent entity in the anthropological matrix of modernity, inseparable from its dynamic lines of transfer between subjects and objects, purification and hybridization.”

Ida Soulard and Fabien Giraud: new modes of navigation and new vehicles for inquiry.

P. 15 - Surveillance and control: In the twenty-first century, the spatial enframing of the Earth as “resource” is also complicated by the proliferation and ubiquity of communication technologies.

Trevor Paglen’s landscape photography of military black sites
Cartographic work of Paglen’s predecessor Mark Lombardi.

Art in the Anthropocene is a definitive recognition that what we are here calling “art” is produced according to an “internal” logic of lineages and referents, but also by way of innumerable external social pressures, technical innovations, and geopolitical transformations that also shape the spatial tactics and operative strategies of contemporary art practice.

“Art” -> outside (printed matter).

60-70’s. Zone Books.

Art at the end of the twentieth century moved increasingly away from deconstruction and psychoanalysis toward an open field of naturecultures, infrastructure assemblages, and other newly contested territories.

Zone 1|2: The Contemporary City, Zone 6: Incorporations.

Eyal Weizman: pushing questions of spatial politics conceptual terrain of evidence production, forensic aesthetics, and remote-sensing and satellite imagery within the context of various modes of violence.

Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism: brought together questions of visual culture in the context of activist practice and political struggle.

Further break apart categories and disciplines, looking more attentively for what works than for what it means.

Paul Edwards: transfer of technologies from the military to the world of civilian and commercial operations.

Joshua Clover and Juliana Spahr: #misanthropocene

Numeracy and the Survival of Worlds

Within the global political economy, numeracy has become an increasingly valuable form of knowledge.
The present/future is increasingly represented as a long string of numbers.

To Our Friends, The Invisible Committee: “At the apex of his insanity, Man has even proclaimed himself a “geological force”.

P.17 - Can we be so sure that the scientific study of climate change is a mode of excluding the “sensible experiences” of the birds, insects, and plants that confirm, at least to these authors, that changes are really happening?

Science = formalization of communities of sense experience. “synthetic situation”
On the other hand, scientific objectivity is patterned and animated by subjective, affective structures of perception.

P.18 - Peter Galison: technologies of the self - > subjectivity.

Shiv Visvanathan: numeracy is a critical element of contemporary social emancipation.
Numeracy is the ability to see discrete entities in a connected whole or continuum.

Deficiencies that can create survival problems:

1) inability to see discreteness in continuity;
2) to see only discreteness and not to perceive the continuum at all

‘Time is an essential constituent of numeracy, in fact time is the prime numeraire.’

Understanding numbers in this view has a close affinity with struggle and a sensitivity to suffering.

Boaventura de Sousa Santos, João Arriscado Nunes, and Maria Paula Meneses:
The ecology of knowledges - an invitation to the promotion of non-relativistic dialogues among knowledges.

P.19 - pragmatism: The very action of knowing, as pragmatist philosophers have repeatedly reminded us, is an intervention in the world, which places us within it as active contributors to its making.

A revolutionary perspective no longer focuses on an institutional reorganization of society, but on the technical configurations of worlds.

Numeracy’s possible trajectory - recognition of the limitations of continuity.
Open revolt as a scientific model.

Naomi Klein: resistance — movements of ‘people or groups of people’ who ‘adopt a certain set of dynamics that [do] not fit within the capitalist culture.’

Reimagining revolutionary subjectivization in the context of our geological reformation.

Futures Worth Imagining

William S. Burroughs: “A government is never more dangerous than when embarking on a self-defeating or downright suicidal course.”

P.20 - Illana Halperin makes this clear: we’ve been full of geology all along and we couldn’t have it any other way, even if we wanted to.

McKenzie Wark - Anthopocene = geology.
Deleuze: There is no more a method for learning than there is a method for finding treasures, but a violent training, a paideia, which affects the entire individual.

The Anthropocene does not mean we are merely “all in it together”; we are in it inasmuch as it is in us, this geological reformation, through our shared separation. Art is not a palliative mode of reconciliation. We are not free, as we like to think, but lost.

We like to think that Anthropos is merely a place-holder, whose substantive articulation is held in abeyance and articulated by the work of the work of art.

Kairos - the right or opportune moment (the supreme moment). Kairos -> <- chronos.

John Paul Ricco, The Decision Between Us: Sharing in separation is the praxis of coexistence—of being-together.

P. 22 - Raqs Media Collective: Without a recalibration of the senses, we cannot conceive of another mode of production, another set of social relations, another ethic of husbandry between ourselves and the earth.

The world is all, that is the case.

Notes for Excerpt from Grant Kester: Conversation Pieces P. 104-1-7

Many of the cultural exchanges orchestrated by or on behalf of Western institutions ignore the specitivity and complexity of local art.. through an appeal to art as "universal language.

"Tomorrow is Another Day", an exhibition by Rirkrit Tiravanija (1996-97)

"Exchanging Thought", Koh, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Gemma Corradi Fiumara, The Other Side of Language: logos in legein: to lie with, to gather in, or to receive (opposes to "the assertive tradition of saying"). We are imbued with a logocentric culture in which the bearers of the word are predominately involved in speaking, molding, informing. We must begin to acknowledge the long-suppressed role of listening as a creative practice.

Koh: communication must begin with an attempt to understand as thoroughly as possible the specific conditions and nuances of a given site.... Western artists and institutions shoudl learn to begin by listening

Notes from J. Fiske, Introduction to Communication Studies. Chapter 9: Ideology and Meanings

p.164 - Meanings are produced in the interactions between text and audience. Meaning production is a dynamic act in which both elements contribute equally.

p. 165 - The reader and the text together produce the preferred meaning.... this is ideology at work.

p. 165 - Definitions of ideology by Raymond Williams (1977):

• A system of beliefs characteristic of a particular class or group.
• A system of illusory beliefs - false ideas or false consciousness - which can be contrasted with true or scientific knowledge.
• the general process of the production of meanings and ideas.

p. 165 - Brockreide: 'attitudes have homes in ideologies'.

p. 165 - ... for Marxists, the social fact that determines ideology is class, the division of labour.

p. 166 - Intertextuality: the meanings generated by any one text are determined partly by the meanings of other texts to which it appears similar.

p.167 - the assumption that [ideological] values are so basic... so natural, that they do not need referring to is what Barthes (1973) calls 'exomination', and is ideology at work.

p.170 - Barthesian myth  ... [that] science is the human ability to understand and dominate nature. ... Counter-myth is amogst ecology/conservationist subculture.

Dominant ideology, history as progress is confronted by a myths that sees history as cyclical, not a progressive development (tradiition).

p. 171 - Signs give myths and values concrete form and in so doing both endorse them and make them public.

p.172 - Ideology in its third meaning is not a static set of values and ways of seeing, but a practice.

Science helps to maintain the current power structure: the highly-educated not only become the dominant class; they come from it, too.

p. 173 - According to Marx, the ideology of the bourgeoise kept the workers, or proletariat, in the state of false consciousness. They were led to understand their social experience by a set of ideas that were not theirs, were opposed to them.

p. 174 - Althusser (1971): ideology is much more effective than Marx gave it credit for because it works fro, within rather than without - it is deeply inscribed in the ways of thinking and ways of living of all classes (e.g., wearing of high heels by women).

p. 176 -  Communication is a social process and therefore be ideological; interpellation is a key part of its ideological practice.

p. 176 - Gramsci: hegemony, ideology as struggle.  Dominant ideology constantly meets resistances it has to overcome in order to win people's consent to the social order that it is promoting.

p 177 - 'Common sense': the common sense that criminality is a function of a wicked individual rather than the unfairsociety is .. a part of bourgeois ideology

All ideological theories agree that ideology works to maintain class dominationm their differences lie in the ways in which this domination is exercised, the degree of its effectiveness, and the extent of hte resistances it meets.

p. 178 - Gramsci's theory makes social change appear possible, Marx's makes it inevitable, and Althusse's improbable.

p. 181 - 'Displacement': a term that ideological theorists have borrowed from Freudian dream theory: when a topic or anxiety is repressed, either psychologically or ideologically, the concern for it can only be expressed by being displaced on to a legitimate, socially acceptavle topic.

Ideological analysis terms: incorporation ('0don't worry be hippie' - making alternaitve culture a part of mainstream ideology) and commodification (you need commodities produced by current ideology to overcome the troubles).

p. 182 - Capitalism is the system.. that produced commodities, so making commodities seem natural is at the heart of much ideological practice.

Women's bodies and their lives are constructed as a set of problems for which there are commodities to provide solutions.

p. 183 - Barthes' myth of femininity and family work: turning history and society into nature.

Girls 'naturally' become women who 'naturally' become housewives - ruling out the question what sort of women do they become and whose interests are served by this.

Women's magazines: by recognizing herself as the addressee, she is helping to win the consent of herself and other like her to a system that only middle-class men can benefit from in the long run.

p. 184 - Ideological analysis... focuses on the coherence of texts, whether they are telling the coherent story of white, patriarchal capitalism. The theory of hegemony, no the contrary, looks at the weaknesses in texts and argues that some traces of resistance will necessarily remain.

The 'no-make up' look is a strategy to incorporate the resistance of many young women to the ideological practice of painting their faces.

Wearing jeans: 1) symbol of hard work/hard leisure; 2) Symbol of American West - freedom, naturalness, ruggedness, informality, self-sufficiency, tradition; 3) Americanness and social consensus (they are US contribution to the international fashion scene).

Eugene Atget: photos of Paris

Here, by a remarkable regression, we have come back to the level of expression of the Egyptians
. . . Pictorial language has not yet matured because our eyes have not yet adjusted to it.
There is as yet insufficient respect for, insufficient cult of, what it expresses. - Abel
Gance

What art has been granted a dream more poetical and more real at the same time! Approached
in this fashion the film might represent an incomparable means of expression. Only the most
high-minded persons, in the most perfect and mysterious moments of their lives, should be
allowed to enter its ambience. - Severin-Mars

Sources:
Text: W. Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
Images:
http://quintessentialruminations.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/atget2.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_SwKfl4Jngo/UJ6hmjV55NI/AAAAAAAACVY/_zTMbwFfOMg/s1600/eugene+atget-2.jpeg
http://www.alleyconnoisseur.com/wp-content/gallery/atget/la_cour_du_dragon_paris_vie1913.jpg

Notes from B.Anderson, Imagined Communitites

Page 3. Marxist movements and states have tended to become national not only in form but in substance, i.e., nationalist
Page 4. the 'end of the era of nationalism,' so long prophesied, is not remotely in sight.
Page 4. Hugh Seton-Watson
Page 4. No "scientific definition" of the nation can be devised;
Page 5: ‘nation-ness’ and ‘nationalism’ are cultural artefacts of a particular kind.
Page 5: Hans Kohn and Carleton Hayes,'founding fathers'
Page 6: easier if one treated [nationalism] as if it belonged with 'kinship' and 'religion', rather than with 'liberalism' or fascism'.or
Page 7: nation is an imagined political community - and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign.
Page 7. Gellner: 'Nationalism invents nations where they do not exist’.
Page 7: all communities are imagined.
Page 7: nation exists when a significant number of people in a community consider themselves to form a nation, or behave as if they formed one.'
Page 8: The nation is imagined as limited
Page 8: It is imagined as sovereign
Page 8: It is imagined as a community,
Page 8: reasons for sacrifices lie in the cultural roots of nationalism.

Notes from: Dieter Lesage, The Academy is Back (2009)

Very often, the academic turn seems to be a way to turn away from the academy: indeed, if the art field becomes an academic one, then what an academy has to offer can also be found elsewhere, at other institutions and self-organized initiatives constituting the field of expanded academia. The suggestion seems clear: we don’t need the academy.

Why should there be a doctorate in the arts, rather than nothing? Weren’t we happy without it? It is no secret that many people see neither the socio-economic necessity nor the artistic relevance of a doctorate in the arts. There is fierce opposition to it from people within higher arts education, universities, and the arts field—at least in so far as it still makes sense to draw a clear-cut distinction between higher arts education, universities, and the arts. Indeed, among many other things, the Bologna Process could be described as a deconstruction of the old demarcations between precisely these three sectors.

The time of academy-bashing is over. Indeed, the academy is back, almost. It’s absolutely fine to situate yourself outside the academy. But one shouldn’t hesitate to play a role within an academy, as many former outsiders today do quite successfully. It is my bet that the art academy is going to be the defining innovative institution within the art field in the next twenty years, much more so than museums, galleries, biennials, whatever.

Source: e-flux

Mark Fisher - Capitalist Realism, is there no alternative

- p1 - 2006 film Children of men, 2005, V for Vendetta

- p2 - It's easier to imagine the end of the world than it is to imagine the end of capitalism

- p3 - the new defines itself in response to what's already established; at the same time, the established has to reconfigure itself in response to the new

- p7 - postmodernism=capitalist realism.

- p8 - the horror about the ways that capitalism has seeped into the very unconscious

- p9 - Kurt Cobain and his struggling with realisation that he is a part of mainstream

- p2 - the film performes our anti-capitalism for us, allowing us to continue to consume with impunity

- p10 - Simon Reynolds, 1996, The Wire

- p.15 - what needs to be kept in mind is both that capitalism is a hyper-abstract impersonal structure and that it would be nothing without our co-operation. 

 - p.16 - Michael Schudson, Advertising, the uneasy persuasion, 1984

- p.17 - Badiou, modernisation;Zizek

 Zupancic: the rally principle is... ideologically mediated

- For Lacan, the Real is what any 'reality' must suppress

- p.18 - green issues, capitalism destroys the environment

- p.19 - privatisation of stress. Bureaucracy changed its form, didn't disappear

- 20. - education is the dominating imperative in capitalist realism

- p 21 - reflexive impotence, knowing that things are bad, but we can't do anything about it

- p22 - inability to pursue anything but pleasure, hedonism

- p22 - Kafka's The Trial, Ostensible acquittal and Indefinite postponement

 Working from home, homing from work.

 - 24 students: Post-literate 'new flesh' that is 'too wired' to concentrate

Page 33 - If the figure of discipline was the worker-prisoner, the figure of control is the debtor-addict

Page 33 - The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Page 33 -C apitalism is profoundly illiterate

Page 34 - Teachers are caught between being facilitator-entertainers and disciplinarian-authoritarians

Page 34 - Control societies are based on debt rather than enclosure;

Page 35 - combine rapacious pursuit of profit with the rhetoric of ecological concern and social responsi- bility

Page 35 - Being smart means being dynamic and nomadic, and against centralized bureaucracy

Page 36 - The persistent association of neoliberalism with the term ‘Restoration'

Page 39 - Michael Mann’s 1995 film Heat, ’

- p32 - R.Sennet. The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism

- p33 - the situation of family in post-Fordist capitalism is contradictory. It requires the family, even as it undermines it.

Ideas: experiments

13-jan : Iconography+crumpled paper tracing - at which point the sign is not working anymore?

- drawing with light: how can shadow from a 3d part of drawing be a part of the drawing, too? 

- drawing breaking out to space: a mix of drawing and 3d objects of line- like quality: thread, paper cuts, matchsticks.

- Rorschach tests, ink drawing by bending the paper.

11 jan: Folding the paper: a sequence of drawings made througholding the paper 1,23 times, etc. What the algorithm for such folding could be?

9 Jan :   Family tree: connecting standing matchsticks with thread, add names of relatives to matchsticks.

8 Jan: resistance of form. Fold the letters, tie the paper on which the letters are printed with thread and test how these forms resist the tention. (This te had been completed. Outcome: there is also a tension when you physically hold a resulting object, a strive to open and see the letter fully, without the bend. Feeling of psychological discomfort). 

Notes from Graphic Design, Education and Schools, Brno Catalogue 2014

P 114 - Pestalozzi, Table of Unit
P. 209 - Vojta Naprstek and Alois Studnicks divided collections into 20 groups: 
A. Machines and apparatuses. 
B. Metalworking in Industry. 
C. Minerals.  
D. Processing of clay, earthenware, ceramics and porcelain.
E. Glassmaking. 
F. Wood processing
G. Clothmaking and weaving, laces
H. Animal Products - leather, leather goods, hat-making
K. Stationery, book binding, papermaking
L. Small items - miscellaneous
M. Chemical industry
N. Food stuffs and delicatessen
O.  National industry
P. Household goods - tools, instruments, common furniture. 
R. Civil Engineering
S. Light, heat, magneticity
T. Graphic art - book binding, photography, pencils, drawing tools. 
U. Commercial section - measures, weights, international currencies. 
V. Education - school aids, templates for drawing and modeling. 
Z. Art and applied arts: a) assorted arts and crafts items; b) collection of artworks and assorted casts; c) arts and crafts antiques. 

Style notes from three years ago: how things change (:

What works best for me:

 - weird fingers, wavy arms/legs forms, twisted forms;
- ink blots, dry brush shading with black ink
- dirty walls and floors
- dry brush/pen hair
- very thin nervous pen lines + thick dirty lines made with a brush;
- parts filled with black (eg black suits, pants etc.)
- empty areas in the image
- dry brush tints (arylic, watercolor)
- brown ink/ or ink of any other color together with black ink
- pale acrylic backgrounds
 

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- characters should be like me, act like me, have similar mimic;
- not more than 2-3 colors in one picture;
- uncertain characters with faces that make me smile;
- grey shading;
- lots of detail in one place and a blank field in the other.

Ideas before Urbino

Have found my notes from before the Urbino Summer School last summer. Contains some ideas that I never actually realised!

A view from our hotel in Falconara Maritima - the morning before the School began.

Ideas before Urbino

15-Jul Taking a walk for a line - if I could only use one line to describe Urbino, what could that line be?

13-Jul Modernism and postmodernism exist together and influence one another. There's no changing of fashion.

13-Jul

Vignelli: three aspects of design - Semantic, Syntactic and Pragmatic
Design is one - it is not many different ones
White, in typography, is what space is in Architecture.
Light is the master of form and texture

10-Jul Combining both the architectural and the painterly, the space itself was meant to act as material and to become the support medium of the installation

10-Jul Urbino: a research into the experience of built space and of building materials in their sensory aspects.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(architecture)

07-Jul Intro: I draw and I go graphic design, and I use both those disciplines as methods for analysis. Now, there are many things that can be analysed visually, and here I've collected some of them.

06-Jul semiotics as a method focuses our attention on to the task of tracing the meanings of things back through the systems and codes through which they have meaning and make meaning. (Slater, 1995, p. 240)

05-Jul Teaching of Kandinsky - analytical drawing: Schematic drawing, Compositional diagram, Characterisation of objects, constructive analysis, geometrical connections and linear analysis

05-Jul Best drawings are done when I look into my feelings and analyse them in my drawing try to find the marks and method express my emotion. Graphic design can also be applied analytically to explore emotion/subject matter.

05-Jul
Design for analysis, including analysis of:
   * Information (data vis)
   * Structure (books, etc.)
   * Form
   * Content

30-Jun Ideas for Drawing techniques:
   * drawing made by folding, tearing, cutting (maybe paper different colours)
   * drawing+projection
   * thaumatrope
   * The project researches the interplay of perception and memory in ordinary experience of reality and adopts drawing as a language of visualisation outlining the structures and grammar of the phenomenon ( Maria Teresa Ortoleva)

29-Jun The early stages of a science must be dominated by empirical work, that is, the accumulation and classification of data. Only as a discipline matures can an adequate body of theory be developed. - Walliman, N., 2001. P.83

29-Jun Georges Braque: Seek for common in dissimilar.

29-Jun Drawing = motor factor+Visual organization (Flashlight drawings by Picasso)

29-Jun Make a map drawing of all my movements around Urbino during two weeks. Make a GPS drawing by moving around town.

29-Jun Drawing as analytical tool - plan/map, unmotivated looking, drawings based on drawings, or drawings as analysis of drawings or other types of data collection.

28-Jun Urbino - make icons/ symbols based on street sketching. Also, make a black square - as a sign that graphic art has gone into a circle and started repeating itself from 100 years ago.

Urbino - collect all icons, mix icons and drawings

Also try to make nonrepresentational street sketching - eg making a different kind of notation on the paper. Scratch, put charcoal on found icons and make prints. 

Also black square means that this 100 years have ended - and now it's time for different graphic art, although deeply rooted in that era. Non conceptual? Simply mine?..

Think as when doing computer graphics, but express it with means of drawing

Sample problem definition: How does drawing help us learn? 

Make referential drawings: cognitive aspect of images won't change if the constituent elements are to be rearranged. Eg gather all vertical etc - add a level of abstraction. Also make Infographic drawings, eg draw the data conveyed in the drawing, how much light, space is there, etc.May be do a plan/map of some kind.Make several drawing with different amount of abstraction - from very subtle to extremely wild.

Drawing facilitates analysis.

Do a series from one stencil - white square, with white spray paint (so that it was a bit visible that part of area is covered). And a black square. And then when they are displayed together you'll have a nice after image from black square, to make white lighter than the paper on white square.

27-Jun That's why we call a drawing a 'study'. Drawing studies seeing in the same way as music studies hearing, architecture studies our perception of space, perfumery studies how we smell and fashion studies our sense of touch (as we touch our clothes all the time and touch our surroundings through the clothes).

Learning aspect of drawing/images is very much underestimated in contemporary culture and could contribute immensely to learning if thoroughly researched and fully employed. (Including digital means.)

Drawing as experience: when we read, we learn from someone else's experience, but when we look at the image, we learn from our own. This is why learning from images is easier and more direct.

26-Jun We always learn from images. When we read, our brain constructs a mental image of a subject described, and then learns from it. The same with numbers, brain has to combine numbers in one coherent image before it can analyse them. When the image is readymade, brain can learn directly, without having to transform words or numbers mentally.

Emotions/essences described when reading -> expression in images.

Drawing and Cognition - learning through drawing, learning through creating images

19-Jun It is from first words in a book, when you start to read it, you understand what this book is going to be about.

End of Form - a story in drawings

Four Golden Rules of Successful Graphic Design

If you want to succeed as a graphic designer in the digital age, follow these four simple rules (will have to make this as an infographic, as a parody to all those funny infographics online): 1. Always change the colours of your design to the ones opposite to what client has in their branding. 2. Select the most obscure free font you can find online, so that no one else could open your designs without seeing it with fonts switched off. 3. Make the design too big or too small to watch on screen. 4. Most importantly, don't forget to grumble that clients are idiots who don't understand anything!

Space as material

In phenomenology, the environment is concretely defined as "the place", and the things which occur there "take place". The place is not so simple as the locality, but consists of concrete things which have material substance, shape, texture, and color, and together coalesce to form the environment's character, or atmosphere. It is this atmosphere which allows certain spaces, with similar or even identical functions, to embody very different properties, in accord with the unique cultural and environmental conditions of the place which they exist. Phenomenology is conceived as a "return to things", maneuvering away from the abstractions of science and its neutral objectivity. Phenomenology absorbs the concept of subjectivity, making the thing and its unique conversations with its place the relevant topic and not the thing itself. The man-made components of the environment become the settlements of differing scales, some large—like cities, and some small—like the house. The paths between these settlements and the various elements which create the cultural environment become the secondary defining characteristics of the place. The distinction of natural and man-made offers us the first step in the phenomenological approach. The second is to qualify inside and outside, or the relationship of earth-sky. The third and final step is to assess character, or how things are made and exist as participants in their environment. Source: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(architecture)

Using Spotify

For an article about Spotify spreading its service to Russia, Billboard magazine.

Listen to me, fish

There was a Young Lady of Welling, Whose praise all the world was a-telling; She played on the harp, And caught several carp, That accomplished Young Lady of Welling.

E.Lear, 1846

IF – phenomenon